AT&T Case study Essay

1. Review AT& adenylic acidTs past monetary policies and financial support choices. Were these appropriate for the nature of the avocation?AT&T Corp., one of the largest companies in the United States, has had a long and storied history. Initially, AT&T operated as a monopoly, but in 1982, Justice Department, broke up the federation into one-on-one companies. Prior to divesture (in 1981), AT&T was the largest private company in the world and despite many challenges, AT&T remained an archetypical widow-and-orphans stock for a long time. The term widows and orphans was used to describe stocks with a relatively high degree of safety and dividend income and numbers from exhibit 1speak for themselves. By 1982 the company increased all its key financial indicators.Revenues and operating pay increased 12% and 6% respectively comparing to year 1981. In ten years, the company raised its revenues, net income, cash and assets more(prenominal) than 2 times. Its worth to ment ion that AT&T was adapted to reduce its total outstanding debt by $ 725 mil and at year-end, the companys debt ratio stood 42.3% down from 46.7% in 1980. In addition, AT&T neither cancelled nor lowered dividends, and only increased dividend per role by 10% annually. Aforementioned facts suggest that companys financial policies and financing choices were appropriate for the nature of the business and that AT&T was one st fit, reliable and profitable companies in the world by 1982.2. In what fundamental ways will AT&Ts business change in the near future?Throughout to the highest degree of the 20th century, AT&T held a monopoly on earphone service in the United States. In 1982, through an agreement among AT&T and the U.S. Department of Justice, AT&T agreed to divest itself of its local telephone operations but hold up some of its businesses. The principal provision of the antitrust settlement was that the corporation would be split into seven completely indep endent regional corporations. Each regional company would continue to provide local telephone and other telecom services in addition to ability to sell telephone equipment. The be or pertly AT&T would focus on long distance, R&D and manufacturing arms.3. In view of AT&Ts changing strategic and economic environment, what debt indemnity would you recommend? What other financial policies are appropriate for the new AT&T? What are likely to be the consequences of these financial policies?The new AT&T was no more monopoly and the companys management group faced new challenges. First of all, I call back that when AT&T was monopoly, managers were averse to risk and led more financially conservative policy. After divestiture, it was clear that the external environment changed and good actions needed to be taken to beat off intense competition. Moreover, at that place were several serious questions about future profitability of the new AT&T divisions (especially W estern Electric) and it was not clear whether they would be able finance their operations in competitive markets. Taking into consideration supra stated facts, at that phase I would recommend to shift gears from debt financing and switch toward equity financing.In addition to the change in financial policy, I would also recommend considering a new acquisition scheme to reach more diversified portfolio and to broaden the companys range of a function in other areas.

Family Issues as the Main Cause of Violence Essay

What is the main cause of delirium in suppress Harold and the Boys? Master Harold And the Boys indite by Refaat Rayhan uses S protrudeh Africa during the Apartheid era as the main setting that illustrates charge racism and how it unconsciously affects the characters. Hallys warm relationship with two shadowy African servants reflects humanitys potential to dispel racial boundaries. Since Hally has worn out(p) a great part of his youth with these two Black African waiters, they created a unique sense of human attachment that may calculate peculiar to most people that.Simultaneously however, the political climate collectable to apartheid system becomes app arent as the base progresses. The play centrally gives the plentiful impact of Hally, surface-to-air missile and Willies simple conversation of the daily events and problems in their lives and how the conversation reflects the mystical effects of Apartheid system with these characters in particular on Hallys part. It is a pparent that the dominant manifestation of violence here is how the characters unconsciously move and conform to racial differences.However, it can be concluded in this story that family issues also triggers the newspaper of violence in their midst of conservation. Hally who has lacked an optimistic paternal presence in his life has unconsciously appeared to Sam to fill some(a) of that receively role. The unsatisfactory image of Hallys spawn who is drunken cripple of a man and self-importance centered pervades throughout the play. Hallys self esteem and self worth has been damaged over the long time because of his arrests shortcomings and imperfections. His father trials and tribulations have been shouldered by Hally as his own.Hallys hostility and ambiguity of character in the play particularly in the conversation is being manifested every sequence he is being confronted by his mother on the phone recall. The conversation of Hally, Sam and Willie started humorously. They i nitially chatted around ball room competition and later, Hally and Sam teases each other about Wiliess dancing and his dancing partner. Hally in the beginning of the play displays his marrow and acquaintanceshiply interest in the lives of the boys with his optimistic affirmation and approval of their ballroom dancing.Hallys ambiguity of character is of course initially discernable on how he unconsciously and subtly respond to the social construction cosmos of smocks and blacks differences during the whole course of conversation. and lets focus on family issues as a triggering school principal that revealed the real nature of Hally and his tendencies to subtly demonstrate racism. The abrupt and short lived call of his mother once in a while disturbs Hallys moments of optimism and reminisces with his tender memories with two blacks. The violence here is manifested with the mood alteration of Hally every time his mother calls.In the first call, the news that his mother is bri nging his father home from the hospital that day makes Hally uneasy. Since he believes that his father has not in full recovered yet makes him disappointed with the news. As a result he becomes agitated with both Sam and Willie, reminding them that they should go back to work. On the gage call when her mother confirmed that she is bringing her father home from the hospital, Hally argues with her simply loses the argument. He eventually turns his anger loose on Sam and Willie.On the third call of his mother, Hally is forced to speak to his father and pretended to be happy about the homecoming. Sam, aware of whats happening opposes Hally from disrespecting his father. Hally whose pride is hurt, blows out against Sam as he never has before. Hally out of anger reminded Sam of his status as a servant not a friend or a father or any special relationship. watch over that Hally, Sam and Willie speak familiarly and affectionately to each other specially as they reminisce the old days wh en Hallys family is out of picture, nevertheless the course of the conversation altered as Hally is faced with the pressures of his family issues.Hallys hidden and unknown familiarity in racial differences taught by his parents is revealed. What is the main cause of violence in American X? The visual approach of the movie especially in the series of flashbacks to the years leading up to Dereks wickedness and punishment obviously illustrates violence. One might say that the main theme or reasons of violence here is the disastrous implications of racism and hate since Danny and Derek, who are the main protagonists, are both white supremacist that advocate the conviction that white people are superior than any other race.However, the explanations of Danny and Dereks topic changes in behavior should not be perceived as unrelentingly one dimensional alone but rather should look immediate to the Derek and Dannys family background since the subtle voice- overs in the film also design ate the viewers about the events of their familys life. Derek, on the peaked of his teenage years was initially settled by his firefighter father who was an assumed racism. When Dereks father is murdered in a drive by shooting, shortly later on Derek was transformed from a white ordinary teenager to a avenging seeking white supremacist.The death of Dereks father unconsciously influence his future endeavors in different forms of violence. Derek eventually involved himself from minority gangs in their area that commits acts of violence and intimidation. Derek with his skills and abilities became a leader that all these wannabes skinheads look up to including his younger brother Danny. Danny idolizes his bother that inspire his future interlocking in crime and punishments. But when Derek was been in prison once and out with a desire to change attitudes and fates, Danny got disappointed that reflects change of heart as something brutal. The brutalities manifested in the movie start ed from Dereks father up to how Derek greatly influences his brother. transaction CitedPage American History X. Prod. Morrissey, John. McKenna, David. Hess, Jon. Carraro, Bill. Witten, Brian. Peak, Kearie. Turman, Lawrence. De Luca, Michael. Tisch, Steve. Dir. Kaye, Tony. Perf. Edward Norton, Edward Furlong, Beverly DAngelo, Fairuza Balk, Avery Brooks. New Line Cinema, 1998. Fugard, Athol. Master Harold and the Boys. Penguin Books, 1984

Case Study Situation Go Fast Essay

touch Go Fast is a motorcycle manufacturer in the gray United States. Though sales have been steady, profits have declined because of increase practicable costs. The Board of Directors felt a fresh look at the operations side was needed. They developed a 5-year plan to increase direct efficiency and fix out to find someone to lead the effort. quartet months ago, GO FAST found what they saw as the person to be the smart operations coach and develop a new operational plan to reduce costs. Jill Jones had an outstanding reputation as operations director for a manufacturer of a closely related product. While she was set in a different state and was happy with her live business organization and lifestyle, she found the 5-year plan exciting. Besides, the say was too tempting to refuse.Jill was offered the position, including a veritable increase in fee and benefits. She accepted the job, sold her foot, and purchased a home near her new job. Her husband runs an in-home busines s and her children had adapted well to the new community and schools. She did non have a written push, but was obligationd a great future with GO FAST and was given a salary of $90,000 per year. With the economic downturn, sales for this past year were the lowest in vanadium years. The company needs to make drastic cost reductions or it could pillow slip bankruptcy. All senior managers agreed to a 25% pay cut. several(prenominal) other high-paid positions testament be eliminated. Among them is Jill Jones operations director position.Published by DECA Related Materials. Copyright by DECA Inc. No pick of this publication whitethorn be reproduced for resale without written permission from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.YOUR CHALLENGE The chief financial officer has been asked by the board of directors to investigate GO FASTS bargain to Jill Jones. You have been assigned the task of doing look. The board of directors assumes their arranging with Mrs. Jones is temporary-at-will based on the law in the state, and therefore GO FAST has no indebtedness to her. You will prepare recommendations to be chip ined to the chief financial officer (CFO). Since the conclusion is ultimately up to the CFO, your presentation should include, at a minimum 1. How you convey Jill would react to the boards hard-line approach. 2. Possible ways to conceive with Mrs. Jones situation, including the positives and negatives of each. 3. Of these, you are to advise the CFO on the best course of fulfill, and how to present it to Jill. While the financial challenges of the company are not a secret, Jill does not yet know that her position has been targeted for elimination. Your presentation to the CFO will pay off in one hour. As part of your research you have pulled a copy of The Fair Debt Collections Practices Act, as well as cases related to this loss (see reference in stampation set upd).The information in THIS section is the result of research d one specifically for this case situation, and has been given to you to help you prepare your recommendations in spite of appearance the allotted time. The judges will also receive this information, in plus to the Case speculate Situation and Your Challenge as presented.BACKGROUND trainingThe following information leave behinds background related to this situation.State Employment practice of lawUnder state law, job generally is considered to be at will, terminable by either party at any time. This means that an employer whitethorn terminate an employee with or without just cause, in the absence of an agreement qualifying the employees discharge to just cause or specifying the term of the employment. redden where an employer makes assurances seeming to mean job permanence, much(prenominal) assurances are generally considered stainless statements of policy indicating only at-will employment. However, state courts have also held that employee personnel manual provisions, if they carry through the requirements for formation of a one-sided produce, may become enforceable as part of a press out of employment. An agreement which includes a tell from one party but not from the other is called a unilateral contract. A unilateral contract is, for example, where an employer cartels to pay a certain take if an employee does a certain task for a certain period of time. The employees performance of that task for that time makes him or her entitled to the promised wages.The promise of employment on particular cost of unspecified duration, if presented in the form of an offer and accepted by the employee, will create a binding unilateral contract. These types of actions are referred to as promissory estoppel actions and they permit an exception to the employment-at-will doctrine. In parade to effect a contract, the employers personnel policy as set out in the personnel policy handbook essential be more than a general statement of policy and must(pren ominal) provide reasonably influenced terms for a fact finder to symbolize and apply in determining whether there has been a bust of the contract arising from that handbook. General statements of policy by an employer do not meet the contractual requirements of an offer. Employees frequently couple claims that certain oral representations constitute an enforceable agreement with assertions that certain actions by the employer create an implied contract to terminate only for unplayful cause.For example, employees often contend that an employer has established a custom and practice such that employees are permitted to continue employment until retirement unless discharged for good and suitable cause. Such an allegation does not meet the requirement of a definite offer. Similarly, an employers commendations and approval of the employees performance do not garble the employees at-will status. Severance pay is not required by legislation. Where it is provided by an employer or labo r agreement, it must not be administrated in a discriminatory manner. Where it is provided, severance pay is considered wages in this state. The method of wages of severance pay may delay the employees eligibility for unemployment compensation benefits.promissory Estoppel The state Supreme Court recognized that, despite the absence of a contract in fact, courts may imply the existence of a contract in law by utilizing the principle of promissory estoppel. The doctrine of promissory estoppel is applicable when 1. A promise has been made 2. The promissory reasonably expect to induce action of a definite and substantial character by the promise 3. The promise in fact induces such action 4. The mickle require the enforcement of the promise in order to avoid disadvantage. An estoppel may initiate from a promise of future performance. The doctrine of promissory estoppel is based in a promise which the promisor should reasonably expect to induce action of forbearance of a definite and substantial character on the part of the promise and which induces such action or forbearance and is binding if injustice can be avoided only by enforcement of the promise.Under the theory of promissory estoppel, liability on a contract may ensue pull down if the detriment incurred by one party is not bargained for where it can be shown that the promisor should reasonably have expected its promise to induce others detrimental action. The impairment-of-contract clause in the states disposition applies to an implied-in-law obligation created by promissory estoppel. The effect of promissory estoppel is to imply a contract in law where none exists in fact. When a promise is enforced pursuant to the doctrine of promissory estoppel, the remedy handed for the breach may be limited as justice requires relief may be limited to damages measured by the promises reliance.RELATED CASE PRECEDENTS INFORMATIONThe following information is designed to provide samples of cases that may influence d ecisions made related to the case situation. The participants must decide what, if any, relevance these Related Case Precedents have on this Case Study Situation. bitch v. purpose, Inc. (1981)The doctrine of promissory estoppel was applied by the court to grant damages to a pharmacist who accepted a job offer, resigned his current job and declined another job offer in reliance on this offer, but was terminated from his new job before he flat had a chance to start it. Plan Inc knew that to accept its offer Grouse would have to resign his employment. Grouse promptly gave notice and informed Plan Inc that he had done so when specifically asked by them. Under these mountain it would be unjust not to hold Plan Inc to its promise.Gorham v. Optical (1995) causation employee was entitled to reliance damages based on theory of promissory estoppel, where he quit his previous job and declined any renegotiations with previous employer in reliance on promise of new job, and on his first day o f employment went through hostile reinterview process that led to his immediate termination.Lewis v. assumption Society (1986)A promise of employment on particular terms of unspecified duration, if presented in form of an offer and accepted by employee, will create a binding unilateral contract.Pine River v. Mettille (1983)Generally speaking, promise of employment on particular terms of unspecified duration, if in form of an offer, and if accepted by employee, may create binding unilateral contract offer must be definite in form and must be communicated to the offeree.Goodkind v. University (1988)Whether a proposal by employer is meant to be an offer for a unilateral contract is determined by the outward manifestations of the parties, not by their subjective intentions, and employers general statements of policy do not meet the contractual requirements for an offer.Gunderson v. Professionals, Inc. (2001)To overcome the boldness that employment is at will, an employee typically mus t establish clear and unequivocal language by the employer evidencing an intent to provide job security. General statements about job security, company policy, or an employers desire to retain an employee indefinitely are insufficient to overcome the presumption that employment is at will.Spanier v. Bank (1993)Terminated employee failed to show any picture of offer for long-term employment in definite form so as to be entitled to recover for employers breach of implied promise of good faith and fair dealing as result of his termination, where employees claims were based on subjective belief and his own inferences that employers commitment to commercial lending business would provide him job security and employers statements about developing this new area of business did not constitute long-term employment offer.

Ethics Essay Essay

There are disparate systems in which an individual or a comp whatever could mother good decisions. They can vary depending on the issue at hand and they denote and different in certain ways. In this writing I depart compare the similarities and differences between rectitude theory, utilitarianism, and deontological ethics. I impart include a description of the differences in how each theory addresses ethics and morality. And I will give a personal experience to explain the blood between virtue, values, and moral concepts as they relate to peerless of the three theories. Ethical systems ground on abstract values are described as virtue theory.Virtue theory is based on character ethics. It is the viewpoint that in living nonpareils life one should try to mould excellence in all they do and in all that otherwise do. This is the system that would address ethics and morality from the perspective of living with towering values and with great character (Boylan, 2009). Quoting Boylan (2009) from our book, Utilitarianism is a theory that suggests that an military action is virtuously right when that action produces more total utility for the group than any other alternative (pp. 153). Utilitarianism focuses on what is best for the group or team as a whole. This theory asks, What honourable decision will gather the most for the largest amount of people? Deontology is a moral theory that emphasizes ones duty to do a particular action proficient because the action, itself, is inherently right and not through any other sorts of calculations (Boylan, 2009). Calculations equivalent what the consequences of that action might be. Deontology is a duty-based theory when addressing ethics and morality.In analyse these three, a utilitarian working for ATT might everywherelook a heavy(p) credit report to make a deal because the deal would foster the company and the client. Therefore its a win-win. A deontologist might make the same decision based on the f act that the client demand a cell phone to be able to take administer of business in order to take of her children. The simple fact that the action is inherently right regardless of the consequences is the bases for the deontologist. And to the contrary only a virtuous worker would have integrity and do what was in the best arouse of the company. A personal experience of mine to relate these topics would be a girlfriend of mine just got out of a bad alliance where she was not married, but had a child with this man.She lived with the father of her child for some years although he was abusive and was providing home that was unsafe and insufficient for her and her child. She stayed for many years making decisions as a utilitarian until one solar day she changed to a deontologist. She chose to leave the state and ignore the rights of the father on the curtilage that he was abusing both her and her son. She valued her and her sons health over anything. She was virtuous in that she rose above the desire to retaliate and chased only their protection. And all of her actions where based on her moral concepts, according to her beliefs and understanding.In conclusion, there are many different theories and ways to make ethical decisions. I have related and compared the virtue theory, utilitarianism, and deontology. I have excessively shared a personal experience to relate virtue, values, and moral concepts to one of these theories. Life and business are about making decisions and these concepts and theories are a foundation to a healthy life and a healthy business.ReferencesThompson, S. (2014). What is the relationship among virtue, values & moral concepts in individual and business contexts?. Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/relationship-among-virtue-values-moral-concepts-individual-business-contexts-69097.html Boylan, M. (2009). raw material Ethics. Prentice Hall.

Has the Impact of 9/11 Been Baneful or Beneficial?

2013-02-0108 Bilal Syed Critical Issues in Pakistans international policy 13th October 2012 Has the repair of 9/11 been baneful or beneficial to Pakistans handicraft protection environment? Analyze. The second year of the current millennium was witness to an incident which might pass water perhaps altered the geo- policy-making structure of the world and gave turn in to a whole new phenomenon, angiotensin converting enzyme, which has been directing foreign policy personal matters of the world for al or so a decade now.This event comprised the four terrorist attacks on United States soil, on September the eleventh, 2001, in which hijacked planes crashed into the twin towers of the world trade pennyre, the Pentagon and champion fell short of its target in Shanksfield Pennsylvania. These events gave birth to the state of struggle on terror, which has not only affected the United States precisely a lot of other countries as well, especi onlyy Pakistan, who had a adult geo strategic location in the vicinity of the battle grounds for this contend. This war has had both domineering and negative effects on the security and worldwide perceptual constancy of Pakistan.This essay exit try to discern these effects and show whether in the farsighted run, the impact of 9/11 has been baneful or beneficial to Pakistans security environment. Firstly, the positive impacts of the war on terror result be considered. Since the perpetrators of the attacks were considered to be hiding in Afghanistan, all the contact countries in the region became strategic strategic partners of the United States and its allies. Pakistan, perhaps the most influential since it had a long narration of dealing with the Taliban and had in perspicacity knowledge of the terrain and surrounding atomic number 18a.Chairperson, Department of Political Science, the Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Professor Razia Musarrat claims that Pakistans geographic location, its nearness with A fghanistan, its close traffic with the Taliban regime, its deep knowledge of the rugged terrain of Afghanistan, and its history of Cold War alliance made Pakistan obviously the most important strategic asset for the United States. Pakistan offered its support to the United States including airbases and military word of honor to help eradicate the terrorist elements present in Afghanistan. As a go over the years Pakistan has received military ssistance and encourage from the United States, component part in brining military and technological advancements to the boorish. It is important to note that at the clipping of these attacks, Pakistan was in isolation at the world stage due to sanctions obligate on it, aft(prenominal) it carried aside atomic tests in 1998. India as well was facing the same sanctions, but having a stronger preservation meant that it managed to survive this dry pen comparatively much easily than Pakistan. Pakistan on the other hand was vile from the consequences of these sanctions and the war on terror surprisingly came as a relief.Pakistan has been assumption economic assistance of almost ten billion dollars over a period of ten years as its ties with the waste slowly improved. This care rescued its stagnant economy and ensured that Pakistans economic woes were overcome, a change, really welcome for the Musharraf regime. Thirdly, chain armor 9/11, South Asia became the centre of the Worlds attention. A senior political analyst notes, that with the front end of two atomic power friends, and an Al-Qaeda-strewn Afghanistan, South Asia assumed a strategic status in American eyes. The rebirth of South Asia prominence was not limited to America, instead for whole the world. at that place was a long chain of Heads of States, and highest officials visiting the region every alternative day were evidence of long term strategic interests of the US in the region. This new found attention allowed externally isolated Pakistan an d India spikelet into the master(prenominal) stream of world politics and bolstered the image of the res publica in the eyes of the world, as a nation that was once morest terrorism. A somewhat debateable positive outcome, but one that could be dependable is that this war against terrorism helped to suss out the spread of militancy in the country.Former foreign minister of Pakistan, Mr Abdul Sattar argues that, another(prenominal) portentous benefit of the post-9/11 policy has been containment of the baneful influence of extremists and militants. Had the war on terror not been targeted against organizations comparable Al-Qaeda, they might thrust consolidated their positions in Afghanistan and Pakistan and continued to follow their own agendas. The post 9/11 policy helped to contain this spread of ideology but unfortunately could not eliminate it from society completely. Another major impact of the war on terror, it can be argued, is that it led to constancy in the region.T he main pretend of instability in the region over the years has been hostile Pakistan, India relations. common chord major wars and countless other incidents aimed at nethermining the other country, have turn an already messy divorce. The acquisition of atomic warheads by both states couple with the Kashmir issue, have caused this region to become highly volatile. This was also the case post 9/11, when after an attack on the Indian parliament in December of 2001, India mobilized its military forces on a large scale against Pakistan.Pakistan too responded and both armies stood face to face with each other opposite the international borders. There was a very serious threat of an outbreak of nuclear war and alarm bells started ringing in the international arena. Eventually it was the heraldic bearing of the United States in the region which helped diffuse the highly volatile bureau. The threat of nuclear war, coupled with the reverence that a Pakistan-India war would be denigr atory to the war on terror, meant that the United Sates put in a replete hearted effort to ease tensions.This was eventually the case and stability was brought to the region again. These are some of the positive outcomes to the war on terror for Pakistan. But at that place have been dreadful negative consequences for the country as well. Firstly, just like it can be argued that just like US presence brought stability to the region it also brought a lot of instability. This is evident from the impact of the war on Afghanistan, where Prof. Dr. Razia Musarrat argues, that the Taliban government activity had been successful to restore a kind of stability in Afghanistan for the first time after a very long period of unrest.America, by ripping to pieces the Taliban regime, once again pushed Afghanistan into a new phase of insurgency and civil war. This unstable and troubled situation result not remain control within the Afghan borders rather will soon spread into the neighbouring st ates. We can see for ourselves that the unrest and turbulence in Afghanistan has leaked out into Pakistan. This has been a cause of grand concern for Pakistan, because the Afghani scar of militancy and extremism has seeped in the country and has started rearing its ugly head against the state.Secondly, Pakistan had intimate relations with the Taliban prior to the American offensive. So much so that they were considered supporters of the Taliban, a notion which caused concern to other surrounding countries like India. But after the war, the northern alliance came into power and the resulting Afghan government did not have a favourable view of Pakistan. India on the other hand took utility of this and firmly established itself in Afghanistan. It became the largest regional donor of aid to Afghanistan in the post war period.Strong relations with Afghanistan could very beneficial for Indian foreign policy since Afghanistan shares such a large border with Pakistan. Having strong rel ations with a hostile neighbours neighbour is a strategically strong move and puts Pakistan in a delicate situation. Also, India could have clean access to Central Asia via Afghanistan, which could give it access to their abundant natural resources and fan out other cheaper trading avenues. India would not have to be dependent on Pakistan for access to Central Asia, which might come across as another blow to Pakistan.Another cause of concern for Pakistan, at the political level, was constant Indian pressure that Pakistan provided a safe haven for terrorists. India took advantage of American presence in the region and looked at this as an opportunity to further one of its foreign policy goals, that is, to ensure that Pakistan was strongly implicated in harbouring terrorists under its roof. The case for this argument was of course Pakistans close relations with the Taliban and the item that Pakistan was a big supporter of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan.Secondly India had claimed time and again that Pakistan uses terrorist groups to promote their foreign policy agendas. They claimed that the Pakistani intelligence cell, the ISI, with the blessings of the government equipped, trained and infiltrated militants into Kashmir. This was a very serious claim considering Pakistan was a nuclear state which endorsed state sponsored terrorism. The Indian government hoped that the United States would finally determine Indias point of view and become an ally of India against Pakistans state-sponsored terrorism. Indian security agencies hope that the terrorist attack in New York on Tuesday will see the United States put pressure on Pakistan to extradite Dawood Ibrahim, tiger Memon, Chhota Shakeel and others, who masterminded the serial bomb blasts in Mumbai in March 1993. Domestically, Pakistan has had to pay a very heavy price for the part it has played in the war. There has been a huge increase in the number of terrorist and militant organizations in the country afte r the war.Following the events of the 2001-2002 standoff between Pakistan and India, Musharraf, pledged to crack land on the militant organizations working in the country. They were obviously not free to go easily and put up resistance by targeting government and security establishments. Thousands of innocent civilians were killed as result of suicide attacks and the whole country was gripped in a constant state of fear. The law and order situation got so wore that the president himself narrowly survived two bold attempts on his life.The pass off was the worst in the north western region, for the people divided by international borders shared the same strong bonds of ethnicity and culture. Taking cue from the Taliban of Afghanistan, the Tehrik-e-Taliban Pakistan became an officious anti-state terrorist organization comprised of mostly Pashtoons, just like the Afghani Taliban. It is responsible for carrying out hundreds of terrorist attacks on state owned institutions and civilia ns as well. They were perhaps behind the character assassination of Benazir Bhutto and one of the biggest causes for instability in the Khyber-Pukhtoonkhwa province.The situation became too bad to be ignored and the Pakistan military launched a full scale military public presentation in which thousands of troops were involved to deal with this menace. Even though millions of rupees and a lot of soldiers were lost in the operation, the operation was unsuccessful and the Taliban continue spirit in the mountains of the Waziristan region, albeit as outlaws and vigilantes. This religious extremist ideology, unfortunately, is not only confined to Pakistans western provinces. This menace has slowly started spreading in the comparatively more peaceful Punjab and Sindh provinces as well.The society is slowly becoming more polarised on the issue of whether Pakistan should keep on fighting Americas war. Others however believe this is a war for Pakistans own survival. whatsoever the case is , the country has been gripped in a constant state of fear and gloom. Notions of national cohesiveness and unity are fast withering forward as the Pashtoon and Baloch communities claim they have felt the brunt of the war on terror, a notion that is true considering the drone attacks that are carried out in their homelands.A 2012 melodic theme on the security situation of 2011 in Pakistan puts the matter in cave in perspective. WhileFATAcontinued to reel under the impact of terrorism, there was no respite from terror inKPas well. Sindh continued to experience a morecentralized patternof force in and around Karachi. However, the extension of the influence of armed extremist political, ethnic, sectarian and criminal groups in the city, and the chances of violence spreading to other areas of the Province, could not be ruled out. Overall the cost of this war on terror have been staggering for Pakistan.The costs, in name of monetary terms, political terms, social terms and most imp ortantly hurt of life are so huge, that Pakistan is all the same reeling from the blow. The report mentioned earlier, gives an idea regarding the losses sustained by Pakistan. Pakistans continuing engagement with the production and exporting of Islamist extremism and terrorism continued to produce a bloody blowback at home, with a total of at least 6,142 persons, including of 2,797 militants, 2,580 civilians and 765 Security Forces (SFs) personnel killed in 2011.However, even this worrying total constituted an improvement of 17. 75 per cent over the preceding year. 7,435 persons, including 5,170 militants, 1,796 civilians and 469 SF personnel, had been killed in 2010. Secondly, the war has almost dried up foreign investment in Pakistan, as no one is uncoerced to come here considering the prevailing security situation and the unstable political scenario.The economy is in shambles as a major swelling of the budget goes to the army and less and less is spent on the people. It is true that Pakistan is getting aid from outside, but it cannot just rely on aid to survive in the future. A major energy crisis has added to the woes of the country and caused great distress to the public. Anti American sentiments are now at an all time high and the country looks forward to the day it does not have to deal with these issues any more.As former foreign minister Abdul Sattar says, So gigantic have been the human and physical ravages our country has suffered during the last decade that no sensitive citizen can but wish Pakistan had followed a different course, one that might have saved our country and people from the nightmare in which we are still trapped. If the positive and negative outcomes of the post 9/11 policy are weighed against each other, it can be concluded that it has been general more baneful than beneficial to the country.Yes, the policy allowed Pakistan to come back into the main stream of international politics and yes, it caused an influx of foreig n aid into the country which rescued a stagnant economy, but at what cost? The material costs of thousands of dollars or the cost of human life, to which a value cannot be assigned, have been tremendous. The country is gripped by a war that is ravaging its socio-political fabric. The economy is once again in shambles and the country stands on the coast of bankruptcy.The more alarming thought is that, the war on terror is still not over and its consequences keep haunting the country. Once the coalition troops leave Afghanistan, the whole region will be locked in a geo-political struggle for supremacy and with major players like hostile India involved, the odds do not look good for Pakistan. Works Cited Balakrishnan, S. India Hopes US Will right away Pressurise Pak. The Times Of India. N. p. , 2001. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. <http//articles. timesofindia. indiatimes. com/2001-09-12/mumbai/27251608_1_dawood-mumbai-police-blasts>. Pakistan Assessment 2012. South Asia Terrorism Portal. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http//www. satp. org/satporgtp/countries/pakistan/>. Musarrat, Prof. Dr. Razia. US WAR ON TERRORISM AND ITS IMPACT ON southmost ASIA. Thesis. University of the Punjab, n. d. Http//pu. edu. pk. University of the Punjab. Web. http//pu. edu. pk/images/journal/pols/Currentissue-pdf/RAZIA. pdf Sattar, Abdul. REVISIT TO POST-9/11 POLICY. Criterion-Quarterly7. 1 (2012) n. pag. Criterion-quarterly. com. 2012. Web. 12 Oct. 2012. <http//www. criterion-quarterly. com/revisit-to-post-911-policy/>.

Juche Ideology and Religion

Juche Ideology and righteousness Juche is a Communist led and sponsored righteousness in north nearly Korea do up of a mixture of political orientation, philosophy, and trust for over 22,000,000 volume, most of which be North Koreans, as stated by backside Chin of the Religion-Info website (Chin). Juche is practiced, mandatorily, in North Korea by their government leader Kim Jong-Il, and is more of a fond political orientation instead of an actual religion. Although, the only modal value this political theory is promoted as a religion is by the way that Juche adopted some of the Confucius nouss.John Chin also states the ideas of Juche following only ane bang-up attraction, and secondly that the Korean thespians fellowship revolution belongs to the people (Chin). Then afterwards the idea of self-reliance or self-sufficiency as a state of matter was added to Juche which the word itself by Korean language office self-reliance (Adherents. com). Also, Jurgen Kleiner states that Kim Il-Sung created this ideology to save him from political and cordial obstacles of the day.So, really this religion in my belief is not a true religion, but actually a neighborly ideology as a matter of item, if Juche were really a religion then it would be a choice to adhere to not agonistic like it is in North Korea. Juche ideology is practiced majorly in North Korea where the choice is not given to the people on whether they want to opine in something else or to follow the Juche beliefs. By Jurgen Kleiner the Juche ideology saved Kim Il-Sung from acquire too deeply involved in the earlier rift amid the Soviet Union and China (Kleiner).So, by what Kleiner is construction the Juche ideology was use to keep Kim Il-Sung from being involved with any Soviet or Chinese involvement. This religion does not have a main(prenominal)(prenominal) saint who has a life or death childhood experience nor does it have a saint who has a God experince where the God of their culture passes a peck onto that main saint. The closest thing that Juche has to a main saint figure, and in the working peoples eyes he is a sain by what he decl ares, is Kim Il-Sung who is then followed by his son Kim Jong-Il.Kim Il-Sung who creates the social ideology of Juche declares one main ideal of Juche to be that in that location is one Great draw who is to lead the valet to the utopian philosophy (Oh and Hassig). Also, Kim Il-Sung makes it to where Juche is the only religion to have the proper methods by which paradise is able to be achieved. Now in my eyes these ideas are not the way that Juche can be called a religion. As I have stated, and go away state again, I remember that Juche is not a religion, but actually a social ideology that is forced upon its people.Kim Il-Sung is fashioning the typical dictator move to secure military unit over his subjects by making a nation wide religion. The easiest way that he procures such a feat is by finding the most abundant social class and makes them the most classic of the social ideology. The trend in which Kim Il-Sung makes this religion such an accepted ideology among the common people is by the way in which he proclaimed the Korean Workers company revolution belonged to the people, and by making this move Kim Il-Sung has the entire working social class behind him to support him.By making this monstrously important move Kim Il-sung guarantees himself the survival of this ideology because of how the societal notions are regulated in North Korea. Secondly though, by Kim Il-Sung making this move he allows at that place to be someone to lead such a large stem of people. So, Il-Sung by making such a large group without a leader comes up with the idea of a Great Leader in which the people who believe in Juche should follow, and who will also lead the world to the idea of a utopian gild and paradise on Earth.Juche ideology made by Kim Il-Sung also led to the idea that there would be an abolishment of the social classes. Il-Sung stated that only with the establishment of communism, in which there would be no competing classes- the working class having taken construe of the means of production- would contradiction in termss disappear. If this dissolve of social classes is so important in the Juche beliefs then Kim Il-Sung should not have made the idea that the Korean Workers troupe was so important.I am sure that Il-Sung is using the Juche ideology to control the people of Korea because if the absolving of social classes is so important then the idea that the Korean Workers Party belonging to the people would no overnight be applicable to the ideology of Juche beliefs. Making the Korean Workers Party an important part of Juche ideals goes completely against the belief of having social classes buzz off absolved because if the working class is so important then how could the Korean working social class still be important. Il-Sung made a mistake in adopting the idea that the K orean Workers Party s being so important while also saying that the social classes will be absolved. Now, the closest that Juche comes to being a religion is by how some beliefs of Confucianism are adopted. The ideas that are adopted are family values, poppycock possessions, and altruism. The adoption of family values in that the family is important in society does accord with the idea of getting rid of societal classes, but also the adoption also could lead to a clash between these two ideas by how a rich family would treat its own family members as say a poor family.Family values are adopted to help strengthen society by making those family systems stronger in the way that they commune with separately opposite and by the way they act with each new(prenominal). The adoption of how to hold fabric possessions in life makes Juche closer to being a true religion in my eyes. Juche takes the idea that material possessions are not important in how life is valued, but that the famil y values that are shared and learned are more important. The adoption that material possessions come easily and go rightful(prenominal) as easily stresses the importance of the people and the bond between each other and not their possessions.Lastly, the adoption of the idea of self-sacrifice also strengthens the idea of absolving society to the point of where an undivided is not more important than the whole. Although, with Juche having the main ideology of one Great Leader then that is the only individual that should not be sacrificed because of the importance that that specific individual holds in their acts. So, in part this idea of one Great Leader the idea of self-sacrifice cannot be fully applied so there is another contradiction in the ideology and belief system of Juche practice.So, overall in everything I have presented I believe that Juche is not a religion nor will it ever be one even if it were to adopt other ideals of other religions, and the reason it would not be ev en with the other adoptions is because of the two main reasons the foundation of Juche has in its own beginning. The two main beliefs of the Korean Workers Party being so important, and the belief of one Great Leader. Juche is not a religion, but rather a var. of social ideology used to control a nation and her people. Kim Il-Sung making such a monumental Communist move to control theKorean people, and then trying to justify such a move by approving what he did as a form of religious adoration does not make Juche a religion. In all actuality in my eyes, what Kim Il-Sung did was fundamentally make himself a God by claiming himself and his male descendants as the Great Leader is the biggest flaw in Juche ideology, and will that single fact can keep Juche from being a religion. Also as a final side-note and to be kind of funny, another way I neck that Juche is not a religion is because everytime I have typed it so farther it is underlined by the red line as if I have mistakenly misw ritten a word.If juche were a religion then I would not suck up that red line. Works Cited Adherents. com. Major Religions of the World. January 2000. 4 April 2009 . Chin, John. RELIGION-INFO. COMA Guide to Religions, spectral Information and Help in Search for God. 21 December 2004. 6 April 2009 . Kleiner, Jurgen. Korea, A Century of Change. World Scientific, 2001. Marshall Cavendish Corporation. World and Its Peoples Eastern and southerly Asia. Marshall Cavendish, 2007. Oh, Kong Dan and Ralph c. Hassig. North Korea Through the Looking Glass. Brookings Institution Press, 2000.

US Foreclosures Feasibility Project

The qualified variable, U. S. Foreclosures Filings, is used in the cause and affect relationship presented wrought the project. The sideline independent variables will be used to determine the most hearty factor in U. S. Foreclosure registers. This data is collected every month from much than 2,200 countless by email&160protected Realtyemail&160protected compiles this nationwide data and reports a count of the total number of properties with at least one foreclosure filing reported. Primary strong-minded Variable a.Rising Unemployment Rising unemployment sum ups is the primary Independent variable because I believe that as the national employment rate continues to rise so will the number of foreclosure filings. The data used to to a lower placestand the relationship was provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and collected monthly. The first choice that solidifies my belief comes from commoner. Com. Less Christie describes in the article, Mounting Job Losses supply Fore closures, the correlation surrounded by unemployment rates and the rise In U.S. Foreclosures. He explains that the to a greater extent individuals lose their jobs the more the delinquency trend will continue. (Christie, 2008) In the article, 2008 Foreclosure Filings dictated Record, Stephanie Armor recognizes the relationship between Job loss and foreclosure lings. She clarifies that even though Interest rates decreased, the number of those filing for foreclosure continued to rise between 2007 and 2008 resulting in an 81% increase.The former federal deputy Housing Commissioner under President Clinton is quoted saying, with foreclosures continuing to rise and the economy in a downward spiral, Its not surprising you see Increased foreclosure because of Increased unemployment. (Armor, 2009) Independent Variables a. split (XX DIVORCE)- Divorce is another leading cause in the number of the family and they thus run the risk of foreclosure. This data was compiled through the Center f or Disease check into and Prevention &038 National Center for Health Statistics.