Global System for Mobile (GSM) Communication Overview

spherical System for nomadic (GSM) Communication OverviewTara Rushdi HaydarSinar Selahaddin MerdanRojgar Mewlud MuradContents (Jump to)IntroductionWhat is GSM?GSM interlock ArchitectureWhat is Roaming?What is GRAN?Requirement need for building GSM multiplication of GSM refinementReferencesIntroductionGSM is a continuative between two people a plower and the called soulfulness is the basic service of all tele remember webs. To do this service, the earnings must has ability to set up and maintain a call, which accepts some tasks identifying the called person, determining the stead, routing the call, and ensuring that the connecter is continued until conversation lasts. After the transaction, the connection is terminated.In a fixed telephone interlock, providing and managing connections is an easy process, beca engross telephones atomic number 18 attached by wires to the internet and their location is permanent from the networks point of view. Whereas, in a sprightly network, the establishment of a call is more complex task, because it doesnt have wire and permanent location. It en adapteds the exploiters to move by radio (radio) connection.What is GSM?GSM stands for Global System for Mobile Communication and is an open, digital cubicleular engineering transmits diligent voice and data services. It is adigital nomadic telephony trunk that is widely employ engine room in the world. The GSM market has more than 70 percent of the worlds digital cellular subscribers. The GSM makes use of narrowbandTime Division quadruplex Access (TDMA)technique for transmitting signals. The GSM was developed by using digital technology. It has an ability to carry 64 kbps to 120 Mbps of data rates.GSM operates at every the 900MHzor 1800 MHz frequency band. In Europe, operates in the 900MHz and 1.8GHz bands and in US, operates 1.9GHz and 850MHz bands. The GSM is a circuit-switched administration that divides severally 200 kHz channel into viii 25 kHz time- slots.Cell phones use GSM network by prying for cell phone towers in the nearby sports stadium. GSM carriers have roaming contacts with other GSM carriers and typically cover rural areas more completely. GSM in like manner has the advantage of using SIM (SubscriberIdentityModule) cards. The SIM card, which acts as your digital identity, is tied to your cell phone service carriers network rather than to the handset itself. This allows for easy exchange from one phone to another without new cell phone service activation.Today, more than 690 runny networks provide GSM services across 213 countries and GSM represents 82.4% of all international unstable connections. concord to GSM World, there are now more than 2 billion GSMmobile phone users worldwide. GSM World references China as the largest single GSM market, with more than 370 one jillion million users, followed by Russia with 145 million, India with 83 million and the USA with 78 million users.GSM network architectureThe GSM network is divided into three major dodgesThe operation and check system (OSS)The switching system (SS)The set up air system (BSS) GSM network architectureThe Operation and Support System (OSS)The OSS stands for operation and support system. The function of OSS is that admonishers and controls the system. The aim of OSS is that customer cost-effective support for centralized, regional, and local in operation(p) and fear activities that are needed for a GSM network. An important task of OSS is to visualize a network overview and support the maintenance activities of different operation and maintenance organizations.The Switching SystemThe switching system (SS) is responsible for performing call processing andSubscriber-related functions.The switching system (SS) entangles some functional unitsHome location register (HLR)The HLR is a data posterior used for storage and watchfulness of subscriptions. The HLR stores permanent data about subscribers, including a subscrib ers service profile, location schooling, and activity status. When a person buys a subscription, he/she is registered in the HLR of that operator.Mobile services switching focalise (MSC)The MSC performs the telephony switching functions of the system. It controls calls to and from other telephone and data systems. Also, it performs cost ticketing, network interfacing, common channel signaling, and others functions.Visitor location register (VLR)The VLR is a database that contains temporary information about subscribers that is needed by the MSC in order to service visiting subscribers. The VLR is always integrated with the MSC. When a mobile position roams into a new MSC area, the VLR committed to that MSC get out request data about the mobile station from the HLR. Later, if the mobile station makes a call, the VLR will have the information needed for call apparatus without having to interrogate the HLR all(prenominal) time.Authentication center (AUC)A unit called the AUC pro vides credential and encryption parameters that verify the users identity and ensure the confidentiality of each call. The AUC protects network operators from different graphemes of fraud found in to long time cellular world.Equipment identity register (EIR)The EIR is a database that includes information about the identity of mobile equipment that intercepts calls from stolen, unauthorized, or defective mobile stations.The cup of tea Station System (BSS)All radio-related functions are performed in the BSS, which consists of base station controllers (BSCs) and the base transceiver stations (BTSs).BSCThe BSC provides all the control functions and physical golf tie ins between the MSC and BTS. It is a high-capacity switch that provides functions much(prenominal) as handover, cell configuration data, and control of radio frequency (RF) male monarch levels in base transceiver stations.BTSThe BTS handles the radio interface to the mobile station. The BTS is the radio equipment (tran sceivers and antennas) needed to Service each cell in the network. BSC controls a group of BTSs.MSMS stands for Mobile Station. It is a combination of terminal equipment and subscriber data. The terminal equipment is called ME (Mobile Equipment) and the subscribers data is stored in a separate module called SIM (Subscriber Identity Module). Therefore, ME + SIM = MS.The SIM card contains an identification reckon of the user and list of available networks.What is Roaming?Roaming allows a mobile subscriber to mechanically make and receive voice calls, send and receive data, or twoer other services when travelling outside the geographical coverage area of their home network, by bureau of using a visited network.Roaming is technically support by mobility solicitude, authentication and billing procedures. Establishing roaming between network operators is based on and the commercial terms are contained in dedicated roaming agreements. If the visited network is in the same country as the home network, this is cognize as internal roaming. If the visited network is outside the home country, this is known as international roaming.If the visited network operates on a different technical standard than the home network, this is known as inter-standard roaming.GSM Roaming, which involves roaming between GSM networks, offers the mobile subscriber the convenience of being able to use a single number, a single bill and a single phone. The convenience of GSM Roaming has been a key driver behind the global success of the GSM Platform.The GSMAsGSM Coverage Mapsare a unique imaginativeness containing information supplied and approved by the members of the Association. The network, services and roaming information are continually updated to reflect the evolving situation worldwide. Interactive coverage maps, updated quarterly, allow you to navigate to happen upon where exactly you can use your phone.What is GRAN?GRANis an abbreviation ofGSMRadio Access Network. It consist s ofBase Transceiver Stations(BTS) andBase Station Controllers(BSC). Its purpose is to manage the radio link betweenmobile phonesand atelecommunicationcore network. This entranceway network provides access to some(prenominal)Circuit switched(CS) andPacket switched(PS) core networks.Aradio access network(RAN) is part of a mobiletelecommunicationsystem. It implements aradio access technology. Conceptually, it resides between devices like a mobile phone, a computer, or any remotely controlled machine and provides connection with itscore network(CN). Depending on the standard, mobile phones and other wireless connected devices are varyingly known as user equipment (UE), terminal equipment, mobile station (MS), etc. RAN functionality is typically provided by a silicon chip residing in both the core network as well as the user equipment.Network Management Subsystem (NMS)The Network Management Subsystem (NMS) is the third subsystem of theGSM network in addition to the Network Switching S ubsystem (NSS) and Base Station Subsystem (BSS). The purpose of the NMS is to monitor various functions and elements of the network.The operator workstations are connected to the database and communication servers via a topical anesthetic Area Network (LAN). The database server stores the way information about the network. The communication theory server takes care of the data communications between the NMS and the equipment in the GSM network known as network elements. These communications are carried over a Data Communications Network (DCN), which connects to the NMS via a router.The functions of the NMS can be divided into three categories gaolbreak managementConfiguration managementPerformance managementThese functions cover the whole of the GSM network elements from the level of individual BTSs, up to MSCs and HLRs.Fault managementThe aim of fault management to detect different type of problems then solve them rapidly. Fault management provides the network operator with info rmation about the current status of alarm events and maintains a history database of alarms.The alarms are stored in the NMS database and this database can be searched according to criteria specified by the network operator.Configuration managementThe purpose of configuration management is to maintain streetwise information about the operation and configuration status of network elements. detail configuration functions include the management of the radio network, software and hardware management of the network elements, time synchronization, and security operations.Performance managementIn cognitive process management, the NMS collects measurement data from individual network elements and stores it in a database. On the basis of these data, the network operator is able to compare the actual consummation of the network with the planned performance and detect both good and wondering(a) performance areas within the network.Requirement need for building GSMHardware and softwareA t ypical GSM base station, cant do anything without a suite of components that maintain databases, perform call-switching functions, and so forth. This infrastructure is pricey (typically around $250,000) and complicated to configure, and it needs to be stored in an air-conditioned room. Obviously, thats impractical in the kinds of places OpenBTS is designed for. As a result, the system replaces oftentimes of the physical infrastructure of the core network with VoIP softwarein this case, an open-source program called Asterisk that can be installed on any ready-to-wear PC.IP ConnectionCell-phone users on an OpenBTS network can reach each other even if the system isnt connected to the earnings, and arriver someone outside the network requires an Internet connection. On Niue, the group used five-gigahertz IP radios to link the BTS unit to Telecom Niues wired Internet infrastructure, four kilometers away. Burgess says that response time can get a bit sluggish if the Internet connect ion isnt very good, just now it doesnt take much bandwidth to make the system functional.Power conferThe system deployed on Niue draws about 60 watts of power, supplied by three leatherneck batteries of the type that many locals use on their boats. Because the systems power requirements are so low, Burgess says, a base station could also run on solar or wind power.GSMhandsetOpenBTS re-creates the technology behind GSM (the global system for mobile communications), which is used by the mass of mobile phones in the world. Any GSM phone will see an OpenBTS network as a standard cell network and interact with it normally. aerialLike any cell network, an OpenBTS system requires an antenna to facilitate signaling. polar types of antennas can be used, according to the range the operator wants the network to have.Generation of GSMFirst genesis technology(1G)First-generation mobile systemsused analog transmission for speech services. It offered handover and roaming capabilities, but it was unable to interoperate between countries. So, this is disadvantage of first-generation.Second generation technology(2G)Second generation mobile system used digital transmission. It able to use handover and roaming capabilities. It uses FDMA, TDMA, and CDMA. triad generation technology(3G)Third generation technology has fast data lurch rate. It enables to add services like mobile television, GPS, and video conferencing. Services include a wide area wireless voice telephony, video call, and wideband wireless data, all in mobile environment. quaternary generation technology(4G)Fourth generation technologyhas more bandwidth and services than 3G. The expectation for the 4G technology is the high note audio/video streaming overend to end Internet Protocol, and work at 100 Mbps for mobile users and upto 1 Gbps over fixed stations. The word caper also refers to 4G wireless technology which stands for Mobile multimedia, Any-where, Global mobility solutions over, integrated wireless a nd Customized services.Fifth generation technology (5G)Fifth generation technology has changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth, high connectivity, and has marvellous data capabilities. User never experienced ever before such a high value technology. The 5G technologies include alltype of advanced features which makes5G technology close to powerful and in huge demand in near future. 5G technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, largephone memory ,dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine. 5G technology going to be a new mobile regeneration in mobile market, so may be incoming days 5G technology takes over the world market.ConclusionYear by year, the GSM system improves and its subscribers increases around the world. It divides into three main parts that are OSS, SS, and BSS. These parts include some important department that manages the system, stores information of users, and another tasks. GSM has ability to roam worldwide and has roaming agreements in place with foreign operators globally. So, users can easily use their same SIM in another cities or countries. GSM network facilitate easier access to cellular and satellite platforms across international lines. Using digital technology, it employs both speech and data channels in its system. In addition, GSM has network management subsystem that detects problems and solves them, maintains information up to date, and detects good and bad performance of a network.Referenceshttp//searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/ commentary/GSMhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM_radio_access_networkhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_access_networkhttp//www.gsma.com/aboutus/gsm-technology/roaminghttps//www.eff.org/files/filenode/global_system_for_mobile_communication_technology.pdfhttp//www.tutorialspoint.com/gsm/gsm_overview.htmhttp//cellphones.about.com/od/phoneglossary/g/gsm.htmhttp//www.academia.edu/3099956/Generations_of_Wireless_Communication._From_0G_to_5G_Abhihttp/ /www.technologyreview.com/hack/418552/build-your-own-cellular-network/